Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study
The provision of sanitation services for fast-growing urban populations is one of the world’s urgent challenges. Hutong neighborhoods in Beijing, capital of China, cannot be rebuilt due to the protection of historical heritage, while residents still need to keep the habit of defecating in public...
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | inglés |
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ELSEVIER
2025
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| Acceso en liña: | https://repository.auw.edu.bd/handle/123456789/966 |
| _version_ | 1857448883931578368 |
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| author | Nazim Uddin, Sayed Mohammad |
| author_facet | Nazim Uddin, Sayed Mohammad |
| author_sort | Nazim Uddin, Sayed Mohammad |
| collection | institutional Repository |
| description | The provision of sanitation services for fast-growing urban populations is one of the world’s urgent challenges.
Hutong neighborhoods in Beijing, capital of China, cannot be rebuilt due to the protection of historical heritage,
while residents still need to keep the habit of defecating in public toilets. One hundred public toilets with non-
sewered sanitation in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing were visited to investigate the actual operating status
in response to the “toilet revolution” campaign. The fault tree approach was used to identify the barriers toward a
decent and environment-friendly public toilet and evaluate potential risks from the malfunction of various
components. Four subsystems are defined and elaborated to calculate the fault possibility. These subsystems are
environment- and user-friendly, regarded as ancillary facilities, and used for fecal sludge (FS) management.
Statistical analysis of targeted cases indicated that fault probabilities of environmental considerations, user-
friendly considerations, ancillary facilities, FS management are calculated as 0.79, 0.96, 0.96, and 0, respec-
tively. The subsystems were weighted using a Delphi method concept. Results showed that the well operation
ratio of Beijing Hutong public toilets is only 32%, and the sanitation service value chain can be further optimized.
This study also provides references for other countries, which are dedicated to promoting urban sanitation and
public health. |
| format | Article |
| id | 123456789-966 |
| institution | Asian University for Women |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | ELSEVIER |
| record_format | dspace |
| spelling | 123456789-9662026-02-18T06:15:15Z Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study Nazim Uddin, Sayed Mohammad Public toilet Fault tree analysis Delphi Fecal sludge Hutong Non-sewered The provision of sanitation services for fast-growing urban populations is one of the world’s urgent challenges. Hutong neighborhoods in Beijing, capital of China, cannot be rebuilt due to the protection of historical heritage, while residents still need to keep the habit of defecating in public toilets. One hundred public toilets with non- sewered sanitation in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing were visited to investigate the actual operating status in response to the “toilet revolution” campaign. The fault tree approach was used to identify the barriers toward a decent and environment-friendly public toilet and evaluate potential risks from the malfunction of various components. Four subsystems are defined and elaborated to calculate the fault possibility. These subsystems are environment- and user-friendly, regarded as ancillary facilities, and used for fecal sludge (FS) management. Statistical analysis of targeted cases indicated that fault probabilities of environmental considerations, user- friendly considerations, ancillary facilities, FS management are calculated as 0.79, 0.96, 0.96, and 0, respec- tively. The subsystems were weighted using a Delphi method concept. Results showed that the well operation ratio of Beijing Hutong public toilets is only 32%, and the sanitation service value chain can be further optimized. This study also provides references for other countries, which are dedicated to promoting urban sanitation and public health. 2025-08-06T09:49:12Z 2025-08-06T09:49:12Z 2021 Article https://repository.auw.edu.bd/handle/123456789/966 en application/pdf ELSEVIER |
| spellingShingle | Public toilet Fault tree analysis Delphi Fecal sludge Hutong Non-sewered Nazim Uddin, Sayed Mohammad Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study |
| title | Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study |
| title_full | Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study |
| title_fullStr | Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study |
| title_short | Operating status of public toilets in the Hutong neighborhoods of Beijing: An empirical study |
| title_sort | operating status of public toilets in the hutong neighborhoods of beijing an empirical study |
| topic | Public toilet Fault tree analysis Delphi Fecal sludge Hutong Non-sewered |
| url | https://repository.auw.edu.bd/handle/123456789/966 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nazimuddinsayedmohammad operatingstatusofpublictoiletsinthehutongneighborhoodsofbeijinganempiricalstudy |